Tory Burch Outlet Informal Institutions and Instit

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Key words: agricultural insurance; informal system; institutional change; system innovation this stage, within the system of agricultural insurance is still very weak formal institutional arrangements, informal system is still a very important role to play the formal system, effective alternative to the informal system will be a long process. This requires improving the agricultural insurance system in the building process of the ideas on innovation, give full play to the positive function of the informal system, the institutional and cultural levels to find a meeting point between the two and combine in order to achieve the desired effect of institutional change. First, the history of the evolution of agricultural insurance system associated with the development and evolution of agriculture, agricultural insurance system has undergone tremendous change, change is the unofficial system of agricultural insurance system formation of a deep historical background. 1. Thought in Ancient China primitive form of agricultural insurance. Five thousand years of splendid culture of Chinese nation, that is, with the tireless struggle of various disasters,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the initiation of thought to deal with disasters and the original form of insurance the insurance method. Farming in China long time, again and again in response to numerous floods, droughts and famine and to the The Korean rulers to maintain and consolidate his dynasty, after a major disaster in maintaining social stability, a variety of storage systems came into being. This kind of back-up system of relief in kind, with a co-ordinated with the nature of compulsory insurance, in many people a species extent, several thousand years of feudal agricultural society, accumulated in the thinking of the most representative and informal system of risk protection, today still have a considerable impact. 2. Our thoughts in the modern agricultural insurance. Dominant in the natural economy and long-term closed-door policy of the social conditions of modern agricultural insurance thought the Western capitalist countries, with the invasion and rural extremely difficult economic conditions, evolving. Some have patriotic intellectuals by the impact of capitalist ideology, advocating ideas and to learn advanced Western technology, , the formation of modern China's agricultural insurance theory and thought. For the development of national agricultural insurance, a few pilot provinces in some areas over agricultural insurance, but many failed. Although the introduction of modern western insurance principles, methods and concepts, but continued to hold the dominant position in the natural economy of the semifeudal and semicolonial the old China, the impact is extremely limited. 3. Thinking of China's insurance after the founding of the formation and development. After the founding of China's agricultural insurance is basically the theory and practice of drawing the Soviet experience in national insurance under the influence of theoretical guidance and ideology, China's agricultural insurance industry from the beginning of creation, to have a clear > insurance People's commune system is established, the development of agricultural insurance almost at a standstill in the state and national disaster by the way completely replaced. Economic transformation of agricultural insurance system, although the re-cultivation, but has still not worked out a development suited to China's agricultural insurance road conditions are no arrangements in the agricultural insurance system and breakthrough innovation, because the system missing, China's agricultural insurance into a Second, China's need for the development of the informal insurance system Throughout thousands of years history of China's insurance thinking, informal system plays an important role. Rooted in the agricultural society, the state led to social assistance as the main content of ancient thought the insurance benefit the formation of agricultural insurance, but it hinders the development of modern agricultural insurance. China's cultural tradition has always put emphasis ethics , the role of psychological factors such as ideology, historical inertia, far-reaching impact on people's behavior, people are accustomed to from past experience and tradition to find the basis and method, which to make the traditional concept of behavior change on the agricultural insurance system in particular highlight the impact and constraints, coupled with the country's long-term investment in the ideological field, but also people-oriented behavior of the formation of value judgments and moral evaluation of the habit of thinking. It is exactly because of this, to adapt to the informal requirements of the development of agricultural insurance system - the ideological, ethical norms, moral values and customs of construction has not been completed, while the lack of an informal system of plaque affect the demand for and supply of agricultural insurance. Through the dual role of the informal system of agricultural insurance system changes, while reducing transaction costs, strengthen incentives to improve economic performance, a strong development of agricultural insurance agent. Accumulated long-term practice of the ideology and practice guidelines as an individual and the environment reached a costs. Also, it contains the relevant ethical and fair evaluation, but also reduce the people opposing the rational choice between the time and costs, lower transaction costs, but also conducive to the normal operation of the formal system. As a social regulating mechanism, as is often manifested in the informal system of customs and habits from generation to generation, which under certain conditions, the internal cohesion of the social norms of conduct for members. Although this does not have a national mandatory normative, because of its own condensation of the members of the old social phenomenon, experience or a degree of reverence for ancestors, so people tend to relate to tradition as the frame of reference to guide their own behavior. Ideology and ethics of effective and successful containment While these actions to overcome the system to rely on formal constraints, but the formal system, whether in qualitative or in the quantity there are many can not reach the space, the space can only rely on the subject of values, ethics and morality to self maintain. In a way, ideology and morality is a human capital, as people identify with a certain ideology and ethics will form a huge act of incentive to improve efficiency in the use of human capital. Particular ideology as a special kind of human capital is even more significant effect, the ideology of rational behavior can effectively dilute the opportunity. Of course, the informal system of voluntary, persistent and so often make it become an obstacle to institutional change and innovation factors, the old informal institutional arrangements institutional change will inevitably extend the time lag, and strengthen institutional innovation path dependence, will interfere with the formal system functions effectively, to disrupt social order and run,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], thereby increasing the operating costs of social operation, reducing system performance. Some extent, the risks of human historical development of coping strategies and evolution of agricultural insurance system that is a cultural thing, then in the formal insurance system transplantation simple tool of migration and borrowing are problems , any system can not deviate from its existence and role of the environment - culture. Regardless of the objective laws of the mandatory system transplant, may well result in the distortion of the actual operation of the system, and ultimately increase the system run itself and future changes in social costs. This is the modern agricultural insurance system in China have run north south orange trifoliate orange root causes of problems. Effective protection of private property rights is a country become a veritable symbol of the rule of law, but the rule of law is not just the countries to develop a complete and advanced system of legal provisions, more importantly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], foster the rule of law a contract culture, the cultivation of culture will require a long process, which is subject to our level of economic development in rural areas, rural urbanization, the rural population changes in family values, cultural values and farmers was highly relevant. These factors are changes in the laws of nature and determine the long-term existence of the informal insurance system,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as agriculture systemic risk, information asymmetry and double positive externality, sense of integrity issues and so on.
Informal Institutions and Institutional Change of Agricultural Insurance

Abstract: In the agricultural Insurance in the history of changes, the informal system is still a very important role to play, full play should be properly guided and informal system of positive features, customs of attention to shape and construct a new culture of moral philosophy, and actively explore the informal and formal system for the effective integration of agricultural insurance system, and build the institutional and cultural level of the agricultural insurance system.

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