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In Watson's view [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its Introspective elements such as thoughts or emotions could not be considered in this method. Watson's purest views were labeled "radical behaviorism".
Chomsky argued that it was not true that "language learning depends on the application of as such seems to be learned without, in a sense, being taught [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and behaviorism doesn't offer an account of how this could be so." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy goes on to explain that, ap
Although the behaviorist movement, which dominated American psychology from 1920 to 1960, has been highly criticized and subsequently subverted or diluted, its impact is still felt today in the areas of research methodology and behavior modification techniques.
Key to Watson's view is the concept of introspection. By introspection, Watson meant reflection on having awareness of one's immediate experiences. So, while one could have an awareness of experiencing an impulse to run, one could not be aware of thinking about running. Further, an observer cannot find evidence of one's reflecting on one's experienced impulses, to run.
In 1913 [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) earned the distinctive title of "father of behaviorism" with his lecture "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It." Watson's lecture became the foundation for the school of behaviorism in psychology.
Watson's purest behaviorist views extended to all introspective activities, even mental activities such as language. In his "Introduction to: 'Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.'" Christopher Green notes, "In another well-known article (Watson, 1920), he argued that thinking — a mental activity that seems to involve no overt behavior — is nothing more than subvocal speaking." Clearly, Watson goes to the extreme in his insistence that all animal behavior may be explained in terms of stimulus and response.
Commenting on Watson, Robert H. Wozniak writes that Watson, "urged psychologists to adopt behavior as their unit of analysis." The generally held view of psychologists, at that time, was that psychology is the "science of the mind or consciousness." In this view, trained observers could make observations and draw conclusions about the subject's thoughts based upon those observations.
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The Genetics of Human Existence
Mapping for Psychology and Natural Science
The Emergence of Evolutionary Psychology
Downfall of Behaviorism
Wozniak explains, "The rise of behaviorism is often portrayed as a revolution in method, and in many ways it was." In 1913, the method of research relied on by professional psychologists was "introspection under controlled conditions." Behaviorism wanted to shift the focus to learning and memory. the methods of choice for the analysis of learning and memory involved purely objective observations of behavioral data varying as a function of the experimental manipulation of stimulus conditions (Woodworth, 1938)."
Watson's Radical Behaviorism
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that it wasn't until Noam Chomsky that behaviorist models of language learning cannot explain various facts about language acquisition, such as the rapid acquisition of language by young that sufficient damage to behaviorism had been done, causing its downfall as a movement.
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