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Norfolk Island, from Penal Colony to Tourist Resort
The Founding of Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land
Abel Tasman and Australia, the Discovery of Van Diemen's Land
On Sarah Island and the nearby mainland, the convicts were worked hard in miserable conditions. The abundant huon pine of the forest was a profitable resource for the government, and convicts were applied to the task of felling the trees and rafting the logs down-river. The prisoners worked in chains, “waist deep in icy-cold water and frequently under the lash.” Later a shipbuilding industry was established on Sarah Island, also using convict labour.
Escape from Sarah Island
Grummet Island, little more than a rocky outcrop 200 metres from Sarah Island, after being used initially to house a small number of women convicts, was the place where the worst troublemakers would spend each night.
Putting Convicts on Van Diemen’s Land
When the brig Frederick [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the last ship built on Sarah Island, was completed in 1834, her ten convict builders made off in her, bound for South America which they ulti
Van Diemen’s Land, and the land surrounding Macquarie Harbour in particular, was seen as the solution to the growing colony’s problem. It was a long way from Sydney, accessible only by sea and almost impossible to escape from. Inland was largely unexplored territory, mountainous and covered in dense forest. So the penal station was set up on Sarah Island to house the worst criminals. It was a place of secondary punishment for those who had escaped or otherwise offended while imprisoned elsewhere.
With the establishment of Hobart Town and the search on for somewhere to house the most hardened criminals transported from Britain, the whole island known then as Van Diemen’s Land became a focal point for convict settlements. Norfolk Island had been abandoned (although it would later be reinstated as a penal colony), while the settlements of New South Wales were unable to sustain the continuous influx of both free settler and convict arrivals.
Sarah Island, Macquarie Harbour
The settlement at Sarah Island was later described as where “desperate men committed desperate deeds”. Those deeds included escape attempts, despite the odds against success. The inhabitants of Sarah Island had little to lose by seeking their freedom.
The narrow entrance to Macquarie Harbour became known as Hell’s Gates - once inside all, and Sarah Island in particular [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], “was a place of perfect misery.” Food was scarce, malnutrition was rife and other diseases such as dysentery and scurvy were ever-present. Living conditions were crowded and unsanitary, and floggings for the ill discipline that inevitably resulted from such human misery were common.
Sarah Island was the first penal colony in Van Diemen’s Land, being established in 1822. It was 15 acres of misery that only operated for eleven years - in 1830 the larger, more accessible Port Arthur facility opened. But Sarah Island’s reputation as a place of dread became such that it has taken a disproportionately significant place in the annuls of early Tasmanian history.
One notorious escaper from Sarah Island was Matthew Brady. In 1824 while serving there after transfer from New South Wales, Brady and 13 other convicts overcame their guards [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], stole a boat and made for the Derwent River. The gang consolidated and the ‘bushrangers’ left a trail of crime as they eluded the law around Tasmania. Their exploits included capturing Sorell Town and locking up the forces there to protect it. Brady, tagged the ‘gentleman bushranger’, was recaptured in 1826 and hanged in Hobart Town.
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