 Wysłany: Pon 20:53, 18 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: On social insurance pension equity and efficiency |
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| On the social insurance pension equity and efficiency (b) _ Insurance Papers
We believe that the state pension system to raise the cost of either or both structural model pension system pension system in China has reference. The author under the unity learn from foreign experience of old-age insurance system, in accordance with the occupational pension system is the enterprises and institutions referred to supplementary pension insurance) are not voluntary pension insurance and personal savings and other modes of multi-level old-age insurance system. 1. National basic pension insurance. National basic pension insurance is the first pillar pension system. Overall, in our national civil servants, public institutions, corporate staff of three groups of old-age insurance program design, countries should establish a unified national basic pension insurance system, and on this basis, then separate the design of such persons each groups of their supplementary pension insurance program. That then for civil servants, public institutions and the different characteristics of enterprise employees were issued a . In addition the supplementary insurance institutions, first determine its type, are nonprofit institutions, the implementation of Operation of its funds to implement a pay system with the semi-Fund combine non-personal accounts of basic old-age insurance, basic pension insurance is currently compatible with some of the personal accounts should be separated. Second, institutional reform and its coordination unit staff, full or by reference is a nonprofit public service management, management of institutions, in principle, the implementation of national civil servants of the national basic pension insurance and retirement annuity approach, however, the cause of the civil service management unit, the wage system and the civil service wage system to be unified, the standard retirement annuity can be adjusted as appropriate to different levels of the civil service. Institutional units into enterprises, to the corporate merger of the various systems of old-age insurance. Specific policy recommendations are: (1) Range of participation. Should cover all urban workers. Must as soon as possible and the full budget authority to all persons and institutions, (2) sources of funding. All come from taxes, from the salaries of employees of enterprises and the tax base of, and implementation of a unified tax rate (15% appropriate) to extract the basic pension costs in order to balance the tax burden. Management of civil servants and civil service institutions, the basic old-age insurance cost burden in the budget by the corresponding financial arrangement. Some have targeted specific groups of old-age insurance-related businesses and their indicators to determine parameters such as payment of wages and the payment method must be flexible. Individual economic organizations such as practitioners (such staff in the three cases: one is the work of a unit has more than 10 years, one is less than 10 years of work, a new system after the implementation of a self-employed, For these three types of personnel, the basic old-age insurance should be calculated for different policies and regulations), first incorporated into the basic endowment insurance extraction ratio can be slightly lower than the proportion of the tax provisions of national unity, but the payment base (in the region last year according to average monthly wages fixed amount) should be unity government regulations. Individual contributions (tax) must total at least 10 or 15 years (this should be the average life expectancy and personal account of life calculated the same, of course, with as if the contribution years). Only then will it be eligible for the country's basic old-age insurance benefits. (3) calculated for the basic pension. Hair treatment can be taken into account two scenarios: first scenario, the basic pension provided by the national unity of the social average monthly wage of 25% total fat; the second solution, enterprise employees (including management of staff with reference to enterprise workers) the basic pension last year by the local average monthly wage of employees of 25% to 30% total fat. However, the basic pension should be calculated for years with the combination of individual contributions, according to the national basic pension policy provides personal enjoyment, to pay a fee for 10 or 15 years, then, obviously, people paid full stop after the number of years provided payment. Therefore, in order to encourage more contributions, we can require payment for 10 years (human) or 15 years (new) by 20% of the total fat, more than 25 years of payment of 30% per hair. However, according to the above provisions, you must solve two problems; one society (or called the employee) to determine the average wage to be scientific and reasonable to ensure that the pension calculated and paid in proportion not less than the urban minimum living expenses; second, for some the merger of old and new systems in place, in order to smooth the transition, plus the subsidies should be removed in order to maintain the purity and integrity of the policy. Civil servants (including the civil service management staff) level of the basic pension of enterprise employees should remain basically the same basic pension should be based on the nature of career civil servants, the wage structure of the different characteristics of the specific measures should be different with the business : Civil Service pensions constitute the basic pension + = transitional pension (or called retirement annuity) + individual account pension. Among them, the basic pension is calculated according to their base salary when they retire, as calculated for the month of base pay period by the proportion of total fat (including the deemed payment years) in 20% to 30% to determine the proportion of total fat. Transitional pension (or called retirement annuity) of the total issued and enterprises should also take a different approach, there are two specific ways: (1) transitional pension factor, the wage base is also different from enterprises, of which, namely, the base changes made I retired two years ago for civil servants, the average payment of wages; calculated for slightly higher than coefficient of 1.0 to 1.4% of enterprises, about 1.8% (this factor should be stored with the personal accounts gradually reduce the amount of growth), the first reduced to 1.6% in 5 years, the second dropped 1.4% in 5 years, until reduced to 1.2%, meaning that the final pension replacement rate remained at 40%. The proportion of the pensions by 30% (basic part) +40% (annuity part) +20% (personal accounts in part) constitute a more appropriate,scarpe adidas, cancel the index calculation. With the formula, compared with: the average employee contribution pre-retirement wages for two years × 1.8% (ibid. that is, change) × contribution years (including the deemed payment years). That is, all employees must take pay period, if the actual payment as if the contribution years between life and one of only whichever, then the transition to lower levels of pension benefits, which would add a pension subsidies, as many departments and regions, and arithmetic are also trouble. From the civil service pay structure and the characteristics of the pension system see the transitional pension and civil service pension is not entirely personal account the shift in the relationship. (2) If the civil service pension replacement rate target at about 90%, then the transitional pension = pre-retirement salary of a (basic pension + individual account pension) × 90%. Suppose a civil servant Under the new system to retire after 10 years, all have worked for 35 years, the month prior to retirement pay of 1,700 yuan, as its contribution individual account payment of 1,500 yuan monthly average wage [ie 1500 × 8% (individual contributions rate) × 12 (months) × 10 (years) ÷ 120 (January, meaning that the average life expectancy)], individual account pension was 120 yuan, then the calculation of the above two approaches, the replacement rate of 90% of the former , which is 93.7%, but the latter is more accurate and reliable. This is mainly on account of the need to ensure that civil service retirement, wage levels in line with the old ways. Because the existing civil service pension replacement rate level (90%) than companies (83%). Ensure that civil service retirement benefits 90% substitution level, will help ensure the stability of the civil service, help to improve the quality and efficiency of civil servants, we have taken specific measures for different companies. This approach has the advantage that not only embodies the generous civil service pension benefits slightly, and no change in the framework of a large structure of the system, while in actuality, is more convenient. Personal accounts of civil servants and corporate employees pension account should be taken to a unified calculated and paid, the amount of personal accounts stored ÷ 120 (the average life expectancy can also be set at 150 months). Prior to the implementation of reform retirees (old), based upon the original provisions of the State pensions. for enterprises, slightly less than 2% of civil servants, about 1.6%, compared with the formula: enterprise workers last year the average monthly wage × 1.6% × as if the contribution years (that is identified length of service.) The second calculation, namely, civil servants made the same factor (since the base salaries of civil servants generally higher than the company average wage, which is the difference between the two), compared to 2%, with the formula, was: on the enterprise workers Annual average monthly wage × 2% × regarded as contribution years (seniority). The two calculation methods is common practice overseas, and the current transitional pension calculation method, it has at least three major advantages: (1) simple, clear, intuitive management and low cost. (2) the length of service of staff in the past identified as an objective, take the total employee base is made before retiring last year the average wage of workers, so workers can learn to enjoy some of the results of economic development. (3) in favor of to be clear is that the civil service pension and Workers in the transitional transitional pension of a different nature. The equivalent of the civil service retirement annuity pension transition, this method to adapt to the new system to retire at all, without distinction as to It is called a transitional pension, one wants to transition its pension and corporate employees (in concept) into line, the second is to withdraw from the civil service annuity with calculation separately. (4) establishment of a unified basic pension adjustment mechanism. Basic pension of civil servants to maintain and adjust the basic pension for enterprise retirees roughly the same level. Adjusted basis of the basic pension, wage adjustments can be linked with the serving staff, serving staff wage increases by a certain percentage of the amount of increase in pensions, the amount and the difference is not too large enterprises; also be decoupled with the serving staff wage increases, according to local wage growth a certain percentage rate of increase in pensions. 2. Enterprise supplementary pension insurance. Fund enterprise supplementary pension insurance system to personal accounts, that is, personal accounts from the original separation of the basic pension insurance and personal part of personal accounts made after the actual accounts, and supplementary insurance companies merge, the combined Personal accounts by enterprises and individuals under the provisions of the new payment policy, the accumulation of storage. Such a fund would constitute a system of personal accounts system, the second pillar pension scheme. Supplementary pension insurance companies pay part of both individuals or businesses will pay part of all national legislation, policy and enforcement. Given the current financial system is not perfect, starting from the sound, the management of supplementary pension insurance companies managed by the Government is appropriate. However, must be based on the needs of different groups, both to create a more unified, rational, there are differences between the enterprise supplementary pension insurance system. (1) to reconstruct the unity of individual pension accounts of workers. Workers Individual Account is established in January 1996. In order to unify the pension calculated and paid, for failure to attend, or attended without a personal account of the organizations and institutions as well as all units and personnel are not insured from January 1996 onwards to reconstruct their personal accounts. That have participated in pension insurance <DIV class= |
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