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Chinese papers Union editing. Explanatory Note Title (1) The ory of Revolution or the Study of Revolution, only the Chinese used to be translated by Clearly, this translation is not accurate. Such as the revolutionary theory of Marxism, logical and profound and incisive, but it seems the same can not be translated as Humanities and Social Sciences of Western broad and profound influence of Marxist revolutionary theory, due to limited space, and this review is limited to the revolution of the 20th century, could not be reviewed fully in the text, but the theory presented, we can still be of perceived its impact. (2) Western scholars from academic traditions and values of many points of departure not only contrary to the proposed Marxism, but also for its academic value of their own academic point of view and there are many terms are open to question, but also I can not agree. (3) Western scholars involved in this, some of the writings have been translated and published in the country, but with the writings, I have not seen. This basically uses the American political scientist Jack A. Goldstone phased approach. Warmly acknowledges. See Jack A. Goldstone (edt.).: Revolutions: Theoretical, Comparative and Historical Studies Thomason-Wodsworths Press Canada 2003 【Summary】 20th century Western academic integration and differentiation in the background, particularly in the West, driven by strong practical need, and the rise of many interdisciplinary research areas. Such as Western scholars to compare the real objective and fair attitude of Their research methods and approach are different, reflecting the Western Abstract title】 academic history Key words Western military revolution, in accord with heaven and response to human 21th century BC, the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Perot era provision of the old dynasty was overthrown II, when there was a word to describe this situation at the time: place has become a river. Like upside down; robber is the possessor of the treasure, and [the rich will become (?)] looters. emptiness of the wilderness. As has occurred in modern times the size of the scale of the revolution, many more too numerous to mention. In the process of development of human society, peace is the norm and the mainstream, but the revolution in which the role is not to be underestimated, especially in a time of social transformation and change. Therefore, the history of the world is in peace and revolution opened the way to intersect in the development of modern history. Civilizations unit, almost without exception, have been revolutionary baptism. Four thousand years ago, the text read so far is still thrilling, swords feeling. Why a seemingly strong rule will be his This political phenomenon from the moment, it is an obsession that many scholars, trying to find but so far there is no perfect answer to the old problem. Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Tocqueville, Marx and other classical writers have raised the issue some unique insights. Of the 20th century, the Western academic research on the revolution as Humanities and Social Sciences sector actively involved in many disciplines, to study the academic field, the results have also been insights come. However, for the purposes of the academic community may be confined to academic or ideological prejudices and self-fortification sensitive topics, so purely academic sense, This paper from the West a Western major historical events and the history and current situation of the countries are given the full attention and study. Especially during and after the two world wars, many famous European continent have moved to the U.S. sociologist, thus the center of the United States into the international academic vitality, a group of scholars to develop a world perspective of many academic fields. Among them, most notably sociology and political science, prosperity and development. American sociology and political science in Western Europe in the absorption and EB on the basis of academic tradition, and gradually shifted from a purely speculative empirical research. These studies proceed from the principles of pragmatism and utilitarianism, the internal affairs of the United States foreign policy as the core, the selected research topic. Represented by Thomas Parker and the Chicago School represented by 提尔科特帕 Parsons Harvard School, the expansion of sociological research and methodology, made an outstanding contribution. Parsons put forward in which the system Although this theory 60 years from the international turmoil since been challenged, but so far can not say that it has lost the meaning of methodology. World War II, behavioral research methods in the rise of political science. And sociological background of the prosperity and development as the object of political science research methods of updates along with the expansion of its research and more from a macro, comparative, historical and analytical perspective to start,jimmy choo south africa, expand multi-level multi-angle. Family history method in political science, sociology approach with historians, sociologists concerned about social change, the historical roots of political change. Modernization theory, comparative politics, development sociology, history, sociology, political sociology, the development of political science, comparative political analysis and other disciplines in this emerging integration and cross-born. 1960 to 1975, Harvard invited Barrington Moore, Lipset, Daniel Bell, Homans, 茜达斯科克 Boer, Wo Geer seminars and a number of scholars, widely study of social theory, social stratification, political sociology, history and sociology. During a special study of the Roosevelt New Deal, the United States since the 19th century history of the social public welfare and to compare the revolutionary history (Comparative History of Revolutions) and so on. These scholars are mostly Ball served as 茜达斯科克 professor of sociology at the University of Chicago,ghd glätteisen billig, Adjunct Professor of Political Science, followed by Vince and Bide Yi co-chaired the National Social Science Research Council (SSRC) sponsored the host. [2] (p2-4) In short, for maintaining the international status of the practical needs of the United States, coupled with academic development trend of integration and differentiation of double effect and by the universality and influence of the interest-driven, political scientists, historians, sociologists, psychologists have to pay attention and put forward many valuable theories. But it must be noted that the so-called . Even So, precisely, Western scholars to compare the real objective and impartial manner is a comparative study of revolution in Russia in 1917 after the October Revolution. So far has gone through four stages of development: 20 to 30 years in the natural history phase, 60 to 70 stages of the general theory of political violence, 70 the late late 80's structure - function theory in the early stages and 90 acts so far revolution theory. natural history of stage II (20 to 30 years) this stage, many historians and sociologists of Western history, several major revolution took place, such as the 1640 The British Revolution, 1776 American Revolution, French Revolution and the 1789 Russian October Revolution of 1917 were discussed. (Note: a representative figure of this period as Edwards, Pettee, and Brinton, etc..) They attempt to clarify the performance of these common features of the Revolution, and summed up with the regularity of conclusions. [3] (p3 ~ 4) (1) each time before the outbreak of the revolution, a large number of intellectuals no longer support the ruling group, but writing articles criticizing, condemning the government, called for reform. The ruling against acts or winning the support of some members within the group. Such as the French aristocracy also like Voltaire's satire, but sympathy for the Puritans British aristocracy, the Russian nobility also called for the establishment of local Duma. Discontent intellectuals, is worth attention, because it often represents the public's wishes, and will further spread in the community. (2) before the collapse of the old government, inclined to accept the criticism of intellectuals, and trying to reform. Stolypin Louis XVI and have carried out before the fall of partial reform, but more for such reforms to cope with, and not giving real power of intellectuals. (3) The Government in the political, economic and military incompetence performance, that means that the government failed (Government failure). The failure was not caused by the opposition, failure of performance of the state out of control or command of the armed forces do not listen. (4) after the revolutionary seizure of power in the internal differences have caused confusion. After the overthrow of the old regime, internal conflicts within the revolutionary occurred, and to differentiate into three factions: the radical (left), conservatives (right) and moderate (centrist). Dispute over the outcome of the three factions is a coup or civil war. Ultimately control is usually moderate reformers. This conclusion still seems so far right, such as Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to both democracy fighters, patriotic leader and founder of the triple identity into political power. But the power of the political practice, neither to democracy nor to absolute despotism, not towards a comprehensive renaissance in the act. [4] (P349 ~ 356) (5) When the moderates in the previous government left the organization within the framework of moderate reform, the radical groups will organize new groups. (6) of the complete reconstruction of political organization and ideology of the radical changes, not in the time of the collapse of the old government, but in the radical after replacing moderates because the moderates often nothing the face of pressure and confusion, while the radicals can to take extreme measures to deal with stress, get the ultimate control. (7) the confusion caused by the revolution and the radical power of control can often lead to force to restore order. Jacobins in power after the reign of terror, the large number of opponents in prison, killed. Stalin to eliminate political dissent (dissent) and the implementation of large-scale cleaning is proof. ( Cool

radicals and moderates the power struggle between the armed intervention by foreign military strongman into leaving the center of power. Washington, Napoleon and the 20th century, Ataturk, and Mugabe are like Tito came to power. The reason why these figures will be welcomed, because they have to rely on the military to restore social order in the background. (9) radical phase in the past, the state will enter into results-oriented and pragmatic period, while maintaining their own rule, moderate partial reforms. This period, the early death or most radical figures in the struggle defeated by moderates prevail. Moderate criticism of ancestors of some of the After the fall of Robespierre, the French into this period. After the death of Stalin, Khrushchev criticized Stalin's model on the basis of the shackles of trying to get rid of Stalin. In fact, China's historical practice was the best conclusion to this comment. In the first stage, also on the Mainly in three different views and opinions reflected in the three different orientation of Academic Interest and methods. [3] (p2) (1) That is, when pressure is nothing to endure,Thomas Sabo onlineshop, the suffering of people would gather together and fight. Where there is oppression there is resistance. Against the scale of the revolution. That makes some sense, but can not explain the circumstances in the same country, why the revolution occurred in some, while others did not happen? Moreover, by no means living in poverty, the mass suffering it to be revolutionary. Instead,herve leger uk, they simply can not afford to organize themselves, some of which also look forward to a better life in the hands of heaven after death, do not have the consciousness of resistance. So far in human history is full of all kinds of misery, inequality and oppression, but the Revolution are in the minority, is the historical development of the abnormal, more period of time or peace. (2) the state power can not overcome the difficulties faced by the revolution broke out. When a series of social problems such as power centrifugal tendencies, famine, civil strife or war and other ruling groups simultaneously, in fact, declared the collapse of its rule, it opened the flood gates revolution. This argument has its merits, but can not explain what the revolution will be the specific region or in the manner in which occurred. From the reality of history, the state government are approaching the collapse of a large and almost the same time the situation occurred, the process of decline for the Roman Empire after 200 years. (3) a kind of enthusiastic longing for the future life most people have shaken faith in real life, the revolution came. The reasonable view is that human society has been able to examine the development, that is the ideal and the social reality of human discord between. Which of the history of a revolution is not gathered in a beautiful, full of ideals carried out under the banner of revolution? So, what makes the ideal of a common mind in most people to take root? For example, Marx's ideal society depicted in the future, why not take root in the place of origin, and in many poor countries has taken root? The reason is that different socio-economic structures and cultural backgrounds, the same stimulation of different responses. China and Japan face the same challenge to Western pressure and civilization, the response was different. Japan embarked on the path of reform from top to bottom, and the Chinese revolution, but later took to the road.