Issues related to agricultural population urbaniza

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Issues related to agricultural population urbanization On

[Abstract]: Urbanization is a systematic process that requires from the socio-economic, educational, cultural, and many other adjustments to build a common situation for the current social structure and social development, giving it a scientific and effective mechanisms to be able in the community resources are not sufficient to complete the case of major strategic adjustments. [Keywords]: land rotation; financial reform; education reform; social security; population transfer one. On the value of labor in agricultural production and how to create new understanding of rural land resources for the rotation system recent debate on the issue of rural land more and more, the majority opinion that the issue of land ownership is the key to solving rural problems. We believe that a clear title to land and not allowed to land rotation fundamental way to solve rural problems, rural problems are mainly farmers, is that most farmers do not know how to find in commercial society to suit their way of life problems. Once the land privatization, free trade, a lot of lack of cash on hand, the farmers living in poverty will immediately sell their land at very low prices, and in the sale of land after a period of time and can not protect its own long-term improvement of living conditions, so that the problem in rural areas can not been fundamentally resolved. We say that the key rural issues for China's national conditions on the value of rural land and labor re-understanding. Rural problems lies in the dualistic structure of rural social value of labor is not fully recognized by society, agricultural groups, contributions to society did not get proper evaluation of the community. This involves the developed countries level of economic development based on the theory of the formation of the problem of developing countries ability to explain the problem, involving countries at different levels to the development of industry in the state on the same value of the status of the same standard to determine whether the issue should be based on its solving related to whether the case should be based on their breakthrough in the traditional doctrine. The low cost of China's agriculture is not an open international environment of low cost, but on the dual structure of our society based on two components of the rural and urban living standards between the result of the relative gap is too wide of the low. This low is the level of our overall objective of improving living contrary, is the root of many agricultural issues in urgent need of change. Agricultural development with reference to the case of developed countries, we can see the concentration of land in the open market environment, the fundamental way to reduce labor costs, in our large country like the land of agricultural population need to focus very carefully, and if measures are not effective could cause social unrest. As mentioned above the determination of land ownership is not the most important, it is important to national circumstances take the appropriate measures to address the concentration of land, and farmers and land protection for life after separation. Recognize farmers for the land has the absolute right to use the land to be used as the basis of rotation, so the reality of farmers in the township land-based contract within the specific recognition of land use rights, issued a legal certificate. Funds available to allow rural and urban capital into the establishment of large agricultural companies, mainly engaged in agricultural crop production, the company based on proceedings of voluntary transfer of land use right to farmers in land acquisition, to take annual or monthly cash subsidies given to certain the form of land acquisition money paid to farmers, the farmers come into the city as a basic living standards. Will transfer according to its own farmers and land use rights, but for planting so that there is a certain cyclical industries, ready to exchange land use rights unrealistic, such as the appropriate form can be used at a specific time each year to carry out the rotation, or the use of agricultural land for the company sacrificing some mobility means you can rotate. After a certain period the company has been in town for the farmers to live in peace the way can be used to pay off long-term use rights to land, the government and farmers will jointly conduct this Supervisory Management. State and local governments need to support or subsidies for the company, as well as for the main part of the specific measures for urbanization to take fine-tuning to match the overall strategy. To take advantage of this approach: ⑴ achieve the concentration of land for the implementation of modern agriculture laid the foundation for China's agricultural productivity reduces the cost of creating the conditions for real. ⑵ avoid the controversy of land ownership, land is still owned by the state, but the state does not participate in the distribution of its industrial interests, industry interest in the original distribution only between users and existing users, the operating level, the mere existence of land use rights conversion. ⑶ to avoid the land privatization and free trade may bring the farmers to sell land after the loss of long-term security of the phenomenon. Phased release of land use fee to enter the town either for farmers or farmers in rural areas continue to the equivalent of a social security. Of course, such protection is relatively low, peasants entering towns and cities still need to pursue new career after. ⑷ to the agricultural population and urbanization in rural areas to lay the foundation of Social Security has played a certain role for the formation and accumulation of agricultural capital basis. II. Education reform we say the purpose of schooling is to train and talents for the society, which is from a social point of view, it needs to be able to recognize the social reality we first understand the needs of society. In our country at this stage need to add more job opportunities, which requires an increase from the direct employment opportunities and increase employment levels of the two aspects. The former can be understood at a level to increase the number of firms, which can be understood as a certain level of building new forms of employment. We study the growth of talent that have these capabilities need to cognitive ability and practical ability of the enhanced basis. This requirement for the purpose of schooling should be adjusted to improve their cognitive ability and practical ability. This on the one hand so that students can more quickly and clearly see the structure of their environment, operation mechanism, on the other hand so that students can achieve in a specific operation unity of knowledge. So the direction of education reform at this stage to be re-built evaluation system of education, increasing educational levels, increase employment, education and social contact level. Student Employment existing phenomenon is not to say too many highly educated people, more college students and the parents themselves do not sense from the past, laid down out of personnel training and ignore the social development status, and thus ability of college students high degree of recognition. More than a Master degree, master more than a PhD, it seems that security has become highly educated, in fact, under this system of examination and evaluation of cognitive abilities of many students and social viability is not high. This needs to change the education system and evaluation system. ⑴ guide the public opinion in society as a whole new understanding the purpose of education, the public higher education is to cultivate talent from the consciousness of the next recall, and to realize that education is only members of society and gain some understanding of its rich capabilities and social practical ability of a process. Rich in talent selection on the evaluation of all aspects of personnel selection methods, and even set up a special talent evaluation organization. ⑵ in schools and the education sector set to increase their teaching subjects, touching all areas of social life; to increase the depth of education, especially in the teaching subjects and now the forefront of scientific research and cultural studies combined. This provides a rich level of employment laid the foundation. At the same time promote the school library, to lead the community to form a good atmosphere for the acceptance and carrying a richer level of demand for the supply and lay a foundation. ⑶ employment in education and social contact level, a good way to experiment is to establish efficient Chuangye Park, the town and university combined contributions by the parties to build a community leader in the industry chain, to adopt a common way to invest in mutual benefit structure of the industry chain. Experimental garden to the experimental group, incubators, security agencies and accrediting bodies combination, students can learn according to his own plans pioneering project, submitted to the accrediting agency audit, approved the entrepreneurial startup incubator, experimental park to give enterprise security agencies management, supporting, multi-joint profits. These students have learned is the direction of his own desire, and in school and society in contact directly, avoiding the education with the community, out of touch with the employment and production diversification for the community foundation. Experimental College Park business cooperation with the town to avoid the research emphasis on the phenomenon of large cities, a greater mobilization of resources. Research results and because the reasons for local implementation of local economic development, employment, problem solving, improving the quality of the overall population and cultural, and urban construction, improve the urban labor absorption capacity problems alike. III. Capital, start-up and transfer small cities and towns in the construction process groups, project start-up capital the problem is we have to consider. We see, banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions and individuals is not no money, but we do not have the investment of these funds to be a good guide. We have seen some provinces and cities have been opened up private capital
next large-scale investment projects, which is a guide, but we need to say that for large-scale urbanization, the construction investment for this round is not enough. We say on the one hand and the small towns of rural financial reform, on the one hand to increase the scope of the city's investment of financial institutions, investment norms to guide capital to the rural areas and small towns the direction of flow is necessary. In addition to financial institutions can open and encourage private capital investment in agriculture, and to give certain preferential policies. Tax breaks for agriculture-related industries and other costs, the use of financial institutions to provide high-quality agricultural projects for investment funds, in-depth study of credit based on the increase on the basis of supervision efforts to increase lending. Government funding to build large-scale industrial and agricultural projects, development of strategic investment projects, the development of military projects, thus boosting the development of related industries area, a region led to a project, which is to spend wisely. While increasing the means of financing, the establishment of private financing institutions, so that enterprises can be independent of idle capital investment project selection, a higher value-added space. IV. Rural areas, small towns financial reform financial institutions, the main body of China's rural credit cooperatives in rural areas, has long been its operation is not very standardized, and this brought a lot of controversy. We see most of the focus of debate in our country is not in co-operative way to go. There are views that should be modified in accordance with the principles of rural credit cooperative system, while the view that should be set up joint-stock commercial banks, and both sides are based on the existing co-operatives do not meet the cooperative system as the basis. In China there has been such an idea is to use a theory to regulate behavior, but not aware of the existence theory of the phenomenon is only under the conditions in a space-time interpretation of a theory out, even if it is in developed accurate theory of the national per test may also be for us, there is no reference value. So I say the question of reform of rural financial system is not reform of the financial system is not used to guide how the existing theory, but in what specific ways to solve the problems of rural finance, which is thought the road with Chinese characteristics lies. As China's economic development, in the financial sector also showed some characteristics. That is the expansion of financial aggregates, diversified financial institutions, and market-oriented financial system. However, we see that this expansion of financial aggregates are not established in many rural areas to better serve farmers in the basis, but for serving the interests of financial institutions themselves, the diversification of financial institutions in rural areas for most still seems very far away, and the financial system, there is a considerable market-oriented subjective consciousness is to market and market-oriented, rather than the trend in economic development, in accordance with user needs and the needs of their own development to the market-oriented nature close. Therefore, we say that the process of urbanization, financial institutions should position their own interests to make some adjustments, should be coordinated long-term interests of the immediate, the courage amplification, meticulous work, from the specific operational methods to avoid risk, which while the market requires more long-term development and construction services for the town, so kind and quantity of the real economic needs of the local adapt to dilute some of the indicators in the concept of a period of time, the urbanization of the financial security to do the work thoroughly and effectively. The one hand, credit unions can be reformed, while the introduction of new large financial institutions, which change from within the existing structure of financial institutions, and from the external introduction of competition. It operates in the new ideas, and services in the new environment learn the rules of natural changes in the direction of the market. In this way, change the structure and tectonic setting of the method is just the old financial institutions for various problems in surgery, they are able to solve the problem of the effect. During the operation in specific parts of their own according to the situation, a better economic base for the region can be transformed into service by the credit union way of the Agricultural Bank, for the relatively weak economic base, the area can use a higher level of organization the way of rural credit cooperatives to facilitate better control risk, and in the larger context of resource mobilization. In short, that farmers will want to build for the large-scale agricultural enterprises, as urbanization better, more attentive service and support for the premise, how to benefit this premise can be a line of reform. This is the solution from a single model to a wide range of changes, and this is the direction of development of advanced productive forces, the overwhelming majority of the people's fundamental interests. In the specific operation, not only to allow the diversity of organizational form, but also allowing diverse forms of ownership, allowing the city capital, private capital into the rural financial institutions, in the form of different forms of ownership over rural financial institutions. The one hand, rural areas and small towns to bring more money, but they're also building market-based instruments for environment and effective mobilization of idle resources is to shift the financial sector created a large market-oriented environment. Forming a series of rural cooperative association, a series of town commercial banks to enable them to more services for individuals, even after a certain period can be for individual services such financial institutions and organizations together to form one or two new agricultural bank. In this process need to pay attention to those in the early post-reform financial institutions to protect its environment in the market to control the negative factors, in some ways to reduce the competitive threat to its major banks; Finance institution has positioned itself in the process of urbanization should be more emphasis on service, it can take root in the rural towns and long-term development; in the process of urbanization in close contact with local government and better services for the town, after a certain period , urban construction beginning to take shape, the government gradually to its detachment; try to do the grassroots work of big projects for the best operation of the transfer of large banks to avoid financial tensions. Business development in the financial sector an important issue is the issue of credit, especially loans for individual farmers, often not without money, but not lend a lot of places in order to avoid this risk can be said to be synchronized abound. Generally a problem with the existing credit basis. One-sided emphasis on the role of free and legal basis of credit will not solve the problem of how to solve it? Since the recognition of the value of labor, since in rural areas and small towns have no one to do so much to do, can I do with financial institutions, labor-intensive investment to address the form of public good? That is to allow the operation of financial institutions, some long-term benefits of public welfare projects, and urban and rural construction projects, such as performance guarantees the profitability of the project itself, the benefits of financial institutions, especially labor-intensive projects, can be unable to repay the lender priority to employment, to provide the necessary living conditions, their labor to repay the loan balance. This reached a basis of establishing the effect of credit lending, personal loans eased the pressure in the bad debts, and to small financial institutions to stabilize revenue, but also build part of the public good, which is four things all its beauty. In this process of financial reform, to increase supervision, especially for banks and credit cooperatives basic internal control mechanism of regulation. On the one hand is to ensure that agriculture and urbanization, investment direction, on the one hand is to ensure the safety of the operation of funds, on the one hand is to resist the corruption of the new growth. In this process, the problems for the gradual improvement of relevant laws and regulations, in order to be admitted to the market economy get rid of barriers, tectonic setting. Five. Population shift to urban population shift to urban areas mainly include two aspects, one is the process of urbanization of agricultural population, on the one hand a large urban population to the cities and towns in the process. Shift in the number of the former is the main, this process is to accept the total urban demand process is the main purpose of urbanization; the latter number is not the main, his main towns and villages, technology, ideas, methods, and more employment opportunities, as long as the financial and policy support to give a large part of the labor force can solve problems and promote the development of relevant industries, so the town is for the acceptance of a total supply capacity enhancement process. The mobility of the specific environmental building can be transported from the following levels to do: [NextPage] ⑴ largest transfer of low-income people. Cities low-income groups and older age groups targeted population transfer roughly three parts, in part, retired workers, they have a certain property, there are some technical experience, can not ask for much in life to endure hardship; part of middle and high school Graduation idle workers, there is no property, or family can provide some small investment, some knowledge or skills and then learning, yearning for a better life, not suitable for large cities competition; part of the ability to have a certain tension in life do not like big cities personnel, technology independent business, there are certain economic base, like the simple life
next. The three major cities are basically in the relative lack of activity of people, but just give them the right environment can develop their potential, improve their living standards and contribute to society. Cities to small towns who move to the liberation of the benefits without dynamic cities in the crowd occupied the city resources, reduce their cost of living, such as housing and transportation, because of their mission to the city to a greater extent to acceptance of young workers in rural areas can suffer, and some highly educated employment, improve the urban energy, urban employment and thus increase the need to further promote non-farm employment and agricultural population process; the same time promote rural development, capital investment is equivalent to part of the knowledge and technology for Urbanization increases reception, but also can improve this part of the relative standard of living; is conducive to rural exchanges. Measures in urban areas many ways to start the migration project, take a variety of different groups of specific operating conditions, from the living environment to improve and increase employment opportunities to boot; improving the social security system: the preferential transfer of population policy, pension and insurance on time allocation; open up the transfer of fixed assets is mainly real estate market, or even taken over some of the government to promote their mobility; correct propaganda guidance, study tours and other forms of organized interest groups so that mobile really know the benefits; open to the household registration system. In the township to provide adequate housing, good for home ownership policies; provide small business discount loans; employment in accordance with their own development needs guidance; try to stabilize their wages, to solve their children's education and other issues. Build a good transport facilities, easy exchanges. Issues to be considered are: the concept of rural-urban divide people - information and guidance by field trips to move the population to change; the traditional relationship between the concept of maintenance - system of protection can persuade to change; homeland's hard to leave Concept - can raise the level of real life as the main trigger point, and take the nearest settlement, providing convenient access to the boot; with the government in contravention of existing economic policies - can make a strategic adjustment; financial difficulties - some people can start capital, transformation of urban class financial services, government subsidized loans to do so to achieve. ⑵ Experimental Establishment of the business park. The implementation of reform programs in higher education, based on the university to set up business cooperation with the small town way of experimental park to the local hardware and capital market resources directly to university use, the university's academic and research resources directly through the forms the introduction to urban construction. To be directly linked to employment and social. The one hand, pre-employment for students equivalent to direct contact with the community, in the process a lot of people will be able to find direction for their development, greatly easing the difficult problem of employment, on the one hand the town will always be a part of students to stay living and working in the town, which is equivalent to leaving for the towns people, the future development of its foundation. Establishment of University Park will start experiments with a lot of research related to science and technology culture,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], these will be conducive to industrial diversification and the implementation of a wide range of employment levels, resulting in fundamental changes in China's industrial structure, in order to lay the foundation into the post-industrial era. ⑶ old professor of investment and construction re-start mechanism. Investment is to continue to build on their own resources of natural resources and conditions, such as the process of attracting foreign business investment, where foreign capital mainly in the town to its own natural resources, foreign capital early in the medium depend on the industrial structure adjustment plan come from advantages in resources, as well as local universities such as experimental research park to attract investors. This is mainly a problem of its own economic environment improved. Large enterprises to participate in launching the construction of small towns, the construction of small towns is not only the issue of local government, not just immigrants, but of the country's development problems facing the people of the Chinese nation can not be sustained to maintain the problem the party can not be implemented strategic planning issues, is the common prosperity of the problem can be realized. Therefore, we have regional and national business investment and industrial restructuring within the combination of support and expansion of the corresponding combination of the western market, the business investment and solve the combination of urban employment, this is the long-term rural development issues and business a fundamental way. We often park in the city, Chashe see a lot of retired senior experts, the old professor, a large proportion of them do not feel comfortable to stay at home, but like to think, like to integrate into the community, and they tend to have a unique perspective, higher cognitive ability, and rich social experience, if a large urban population in the process of moving to provide good living conditions for them so that they Endowment, and began his second Entrepreneurship is undoubtedly a great deal to the town to increase the social resources. Of course, for this part of the elderly have the physical and energy deficiencies on, we can set up appropriate organizational structure in the form to make up for these, and give some project start-up capital, in particular, to the urban social security and related projects to give support. On a voluntary basis, in achieving a sense of security, based on the worthiness greater development of social resources for urban construction. ⑷ government or financial institutions established under the supervision of the venture capital management consulting firms and financial protection. Many private projects can not start an important reason is the lack of a clear understanding of the market, so there is no way to do analysis of investment prospects, even as many small businesses have a loss for investors. The little private investment consulting firm for small investors, can not be good grooming grooming, which is causing pressure on urban employment as a reason. Government or financial institution established under the supervision management consulting firm for small investors will be able to solve these problems well, due to the vision and expertise of practitioners ability to be able to give the small investor protection, but also can timely grasp the overall situation of urban industries, or even guiding the adjustment, the adjustment of industrial structure for the city is also very beneficial. The government or under the control and supervision of financial institutions to ensure a real service for medium and small investors rather than to pursue their own interests, and financial institutions and can the process of urbanization in the other services provided to investors coordinated, better able to protect the Lender security. Agricultural banks and credit unions in the greater supervision and guidance of the investment advisory firm established based on the relaxation of lending conditions, promising and strategic investment projects can even give the government loan guarantees or interest subsidies. Commercial banks and private financial institutions under supervision similar to the high investment loans. ⑸ build business information platform. Small towns are not active economic life of a very important reason is the lack of a good information exchange platform, not able to provide the residents with good sources of information, not able to provide more business information. If the city can build a case based on its own e-commerce information platform, and in a certain area of the city information platform to achieve the connection, then he will become a window for city outreach, while making the city the construction of the overall business environment get a raise, but also for local enterprises to go do the ground work for future industrial business park lay the foreshadowing. ⑹ Union established system of regional economic cooperation, and promote the circulation of commodities within the region, to create a regional brand. In towns and urban groups under the guiding ideology, relying on commercial information platform for regional networking, to achieve regional economic cooperation and promote the circulation of commodities within the region, and in the process to create a regional brand, quality products at higher prices, and geographic advantage dominate the market. Regions and industry to maintain good communication, so that supply and demand in the region to resolve in the region as far as possible, speed up product flow rate and the number of local capital accumulation to achieve localization. From the small and complete industrial structure of urban areas large and to the structural changes. On the one hand and reasonable to protect the local industry on the one hand to the accumulation of capital, lay the foundation for further development. ⑺ living and culture. Building in town, we should attach importance to the continuation of local culture, the region should have its own culture, not all cities have been built in accordance with the method of drawing construction. Emphasis on production and the environment, to create a good living environment, to further create the conditions to attract urban and rural populations, to And increase the urban and rural road construction, urban and rural areas to facilitate the exchange. Further liberalization of home loans for individuals to take various forms of urban and rural migrants in cities and towns to facilitate settlement. For rural migrants can be for the government and enterprises to invest in housing construction as part of immigration, can learn from the experience in the Three Gorges migrants. Especially for the integration of immigrants and indigenous people, or even treat it as a political work to be, careful to street, neighborhood. Increase the depth of history and culture of various regions to explore and promote education, the education and learning
next and the process of mutual exchange, and gradually form a new country on its own cultural characteristics. Emphasis on the accumulation of this new culture, record, analyze, organize work. To live in a small area-based cultural exchange to become the primary carrier. VI. The process of urbanization in the Social Security we see depends mainly on the land of farmers, by children or by providing protection for their own self-accumulation. This security is the inheritance of traditional thinking in the history of the stability of social structure is very favorable. However, the current social structure in the case of major changes in the protection of this security system the ability to look stretched. It is true that our nation-building, made a significant contribution to economic development, won the time, reducing the pressure, but this is to improve people's living standards and comprehensive, contrary to achieving the goal of modernization. So in the present conditions have been met by the time it needs to begin to change. The role of social security is to safeguard the livelihood of low-income people to maintain social stability and to narrow the income gap. We see the specific conditions in various regions of China are very different, which requires the implementation of the specific form can not be across the board, not to social security in this model of the transition period. The region's economic development according to their own situation, taking into account the present stage of economic development and long-term development factors, to take care of issues such as the social carrying capacity to implement social security. Different because of the economic base of cities and towns insist on the principle of a points system for economic development in cities and some towns try to keep good social security related matters to the market to operate; for the rural part of the specific measures under the land transfer will be part of the security funds to agricultural land lease payments in the form of company paid for the farmers into the city and then by the local government to support employment, which has been living, as economic conditions gradually improved as part of a good time to put the protection of people to the market to operate . For farmers to stay in rural areas, some companies will go into agriculture, social security by the company, the state can give some subsidies and preferential policies; part will continue to exist as individual farmers, but will reduce the number of the rural population as a whole to incomes rise, people can use this part of UNPROFOR in the form of subsidies by the state as part of medical care, and subsistence allowances. In the process of rural urbanization, social security including pension insurance, medical insurance, minimum living guarantee, four aspects of disaster and accident insurance. During this period for pension should remain part of social and family using a combination of form, so as not to cause too much pressure to society, but also conducive to the promotion of family love the integration of society as a whole. State-subsidized health insurance can be used, groups of UNPROFOR as a transitional form. The problem of the minimum living security reasons due to the economic capacity can be temporarily shelved, only for the individual unable to work for relief, in the overall economy to a higher stage of development when the re-planning. Disaster and accident insurance to the insurance companies were the main area of spread, which requires participation and support of government policy. We see the agricultural region around Shanghai is relatively high insurance rates, many of them good factor in the economic situation, but there are many other aspects of experience is worth the process of urbanization in the disaster and accident insurance transaction reference. VII. Establish a market economic system and the government's withdrawal we say in the process of urbanization should be more use of government guidance, role allocation, better able to concentrate on doing big things, and create the environment. But in this process, we can not ignore the building of market economy system, which requires the government realized that the construction of market economy is the economic agents independent of the process, to producers, consumers more autonomy, so that economic activity subject to determine their own economic behavior, lifestyle, and the system to improve participation. Requirements of the Government's decentralization of economic decision-making, decision-making exit from the micro, the macro only in the field of play. Requirements of government guidance to the diversified forms of ownership change, asked the Government to gradually withdraw from the pricing of products and factors of production process, requiring the government to make economic behavior under the supervision of the gradual standardization and institutionalization, law, order of, the credit of. We see a lot of social problems of urbanization researchers have given their views, and many views are all theoretical and practical basis for resolving the process of urbanization may be of some value problem is The. The slow process of urbanization is largely implementers lack of awareness of the problems brought about or worry too much due to inadequate implementation, which needs a local grass-roots level from the central to the idea in order, so that the implementation of who by this study, exchange and re-learn the process of understanding the real problems of urbanization and specific operational issues that may arise, which can choose the appropriate method to solve these problems and ensure smooth implementation of the urbanization strategy. References: [i] [1] Lu Zhiguo, Huang Chifeng,