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Murray's Governorship
Establishment of Civil Government
The articles of capitulation guaranteed "the free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion," while specific safeguards covered priests [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], curates, missionaries, and communities of nuns -- though not the Jesuits, Recollets, or Sulpicians. Murray's wartime experience had not predisposed him towards the clergy. He called them "the source of all the mischiefs which have befallen the poor Canadians."
Similarly, Murray's gratitude to nuns for their impartial nursing during the hostilities induced him to supply their communities with fuel and provisions [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], support the claim of the Hôpital-Général to "a large sum" due from the king of France, and obtain the remission of debts owed the French government
The British Southern Department, Board of Trade, War Office, and Treasury all meddled in colonial affairs, sometimes without consultation among themselves, sometimes avoiding issues altogether for want of clear-cut responsibility.
During his Quebec military regime [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Gen. Murray had listened to complaints against his troops, punished any of them who exploited the inhabitants and encouraged both the merchants and the military to relieve the indigent.
Dealing with the Church
There could be no overnight conversion of the French culture into a British one, nor could the Church of England expect to readily capture a toe-hold in a region where the Roman Catholic bishop called many of the shots and the church owned thousands of acres.
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Gradually, Murray’s attitude changed. He trusted priests to maintain order in the parishes. In return he doled out aid. The parish priests of Saint-Laurent, Île d'Orléans, and Sainte-Foy received restoration grants; Jean-Olivier Briand, vicar general of Quebec, was presented with a gratuity of £480 for "his good behaviour."
Murray understood that new subjects could not be controlled, much less conciliated, if their accustomed usages or former officials were disregarded. Murray modelled his council on the old Conseil Supérieur, permitted the use of French law in cases not referred to the council, gave militia captains new commissions, and appointed several Canadians---such as Jacques de Lafontaine de Belcour, whom he named attorney general and commissary for the south shore---to administrative posts.
On 10 Feb. 1763, by the treaty of Paris, France formally ceded Canada to Great Britain. A civil government for Canada was proclaimed in Britain on 7 Nov. 1763, but not actually established until August of 1764. The three military regimes (Quebec, Trois Rivieres and Montreal) were united.
Murray, sandwiched between two cultures, lacked qualified, dependable advisers. He was, however, fortunate in his civil secretary, Hector Theophilus Cramahé, whom he appointed to the Council and later sent as his representative to London. He also came to trust a few merchants, particularly Thomas Ainslie, Hugh Finlay, Thomas Dunn and Benjamin Price.
James Murray, first English governor of Canada, came from a titled Scottish family and, at age 38, was placed at the crossroads of two cultures and two religions in Canada’s oldest province when he was appointed governor of the garrison of Quebec. He was in charge of 6,000 soldiers and operating in a vacuum which had no civil authority. Quebec citizens were now governed by a military regime whose commander had only military training.
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