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When Elizabeth succeeded to the throne in 1558, Protestants hoped that she would return the English church to that of Edward’s reign. She had an image of being a godly, young queen who would return England to the true religion. However it is difficult to determine if Elizabeth intended to revive and reconstruct the Edwardian reformation, or if she wanted to create a via mediae religion that could encompass both protestants and Catholics. Her own personal religion provides conflicting evidence, the circumstances of her bishops, and the ambiguity of the act of uniformity make this a difficult question to answer definitely. Furthermore to some extent Elizabeth did want to reconstruct some aspects of the Edwardian reformation.
Peter Marshall agrees that the religious settlement showed that the Reformation was back on track, and was ready to pick up where it had been unceremoniously dragged off course by the accession of Mary.The Elizabethan settlement rescinded most of Mary’s changes to the church and England broke away from Rome once again. However the Elizabethan religious settlement cannot be defined in such simple terms as Elizabeth’s intentions are unknown. J.E Neale’s view is that Elizabeth wanted a moderate, consensual Protestantism based around the restoration of the first Edwardian prayer book of 1549, but because of the puritan choir in the Commons, that consisted of returned Marian exiles [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the government was forced to create a more emphatically protestant settlement.If this was the case then Elizabeth was forced to revive the Edwardian reformation. However Neale places too much emphasis on the importance of the Commons in pressurising the government [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], especially as the Lords were more important and there were only 19 returned Marian exiles in the Commons.
Cecil
Read on
Elizabeth's Act Of Settlement
History of Gunpowder Plot, Reformation and Wars
The Threats Facing Elizabeth I on Her Accession
Sources
Diarmaid MacCulloch,’The later reformation in England 1547-1603 [link widoczny dla zalogowanych],’(London,1990).
Diarmuid MacCulloch argues that Cecil, Elizabeth’s main councillor, was to be the architect of a Protestant transformation in the English church. This transformation was planned with great skill for the queen by Cecil and his associates, who were determined to re-establish Protestantism. He bases his argument on the fact that the religious settlement of 1559 brought back the official religious situation as it had been on Edward’s death with three significant concessions. Elizabeth became the supreme governor of the church rather than the head of the church, and the royal injunctions, that followed the settlement, allowed the use of many old vestments and remained silent about destroying other items of liturgical furniture. The prayer book was also modified but this will be discussed later.
On the other hand, some historians like Norman Jones believe that the settlement was actually not as protestant as Elizabeth intended. In December 1558,a piece of written work called the ’device for the alteration of Religion’ recommended a return to the 1552 prayer book, suggesting that this was the original intention of the religious settlement. Furthermore it is more likely that the settlement faced catholic opposition rather than Puritan, because the Lord’s contained Marian bishops.
Elizabeth vs Mary
Peter Marshall,’ Reformation England also:Elizabeth's Act Of Settlement
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