Jiangnan Town and Rural HISTORY OF said _1916

ncycgdxhl

Towns and rural areas between the Ming and Qing HISTORY OF

① or by stressing the town in the economy, culture, life, and so very powerful contact. ③ less attention to the relationship between towns and rural areas, and even in the urban-rural relations in the rural location of mount up. The relationship between urban and rural areas is an old and ever new problems. Schools often rural or urban-rural dichotomy summed continuum between the traditional rural society, the former size and density of population, residential patterns and social heterogeneity of the point of view, the classification will be discussed in urban and rural areas, the latter dichotomy is completely broken framework that exists in urban and rural areas have their own values and functions, the two together constitute a complete and indivisible community. With the popularity of urban theory, continuum that gradually gained the upper hand. In theory under the influence of the city, from rural to urban in this very extreme of continuous variation of this is as it should be conceived as a process, a variety of settlement pattern can be identified as a location on the axis. For various reasons, the past research on southern towns, the town itself has been discussed as a priority ④, for the surrounding rural towns or between towns and rural concerns are too inadequate, even if it has, it is often only has a Town of accessories means. Even so, this is still to be studied in the context of the history of the town, looking back at home and abroad in the past about relations between the Ming and Qing history and Rural Towns all kinds of ⑤. And on this basis for future studies that may appear in some of the trends to make a brief before the
<P Class=MsoNormal style=
<P Class=MsoNormal style=research scholars
<P Class=MsoNormal style=
1964 he published as a traditional part of a landlord economy. ⑥ his groundbreaking research for the future of the Ming-Qing Jiangnan Town of the foundation. In the 1970s, the first time that Taiwan scholars Liu Shi Ji Towns were systematic and comprehensive research, he was in the In 1987 the Liu Shi Ji's work despite the limitations on historical data, but its tendency to analyze problems and proposed some basic views, such as the southern cotton industry in the town is divided into municipalities, mulberry silk industry in the town, rice industry, municipalities, after the Taiping Rebellion and the development of southern towns, the number of towns, it remains a little beyond the Chinese and foreign scholars. Moreover, Liu Shi Ji's main contribution lies in the mainland since the 1980s, the study of southern towns and promote the role of inspiration. He Qi Li, Taiwan counterparts published in 1981 level, emphasizing the distribution of traffic lines on the external structure of the town, and Skinner made some amendments to the hexagonal pattern. ⑦ Liu Zheng clouds from the other

<P Class=MsoNormal style=yes 1987. P. 71.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Wu Jincheng: {Ming and Qing Dynasties the southern one by one to the city's development community as the center}, (China South Korean society and cultural), Hangzhou Press, 1997.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Rip weight: (Ming and Qing Dynasties to strengthen economic ties with the field and its impact on economic development in south), (in Chinese Economic History) in 1986, 2; Rip weight: <Ming-Qing Jiangnan industrial and agricultural production development of the external market environment.) ZHANG Guo-gang editor: (China Social History Review) Volume IV, The Commercial Press, 2002; Fanjin Min: <Ming and Qing Dynasties of business development) and Nanjing University Press. 1998; Haiying: <Ming and Qing Dynasties and the market system of commodity circulation), East China Normal University Press, 2002
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Note: this article refers to the Ming and Qing era town in the literature are called not involved in the latter half of the 19th century increasingly highly urbanized county in the late Qing Dynasty, Shanghai is still the county. History of the Shanghai city can participate in the money once the dynamic Ai: <Shanghai's history and the history of Shanghai) (2001).
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Note: As for blocking the channel, where the introduction of certain previous studies, there are many omissions. Even the results mentioned in the text, because of limited academic ability, Review of impropriety, but also inevitable. Wang Fang hesitate to correct!
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Fu Yi Ling: (Ming and Qing Dynasties Towns economic analysis), (History Teaching) No. 5, 1964.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Li Qi: <Dynasty Hangjiahu Ningshao five towns the government structure and evolution of the draft), (Zhongshan Cultural Academic Bulletin) 27 sets, 1981.
<P Class=MsoNormal style=

<P Class=MsoNormal style=; FONT-FAMILY: Arial By Shu-Zhi Fan, Cliff Chan as the main representative, they focus on the actual state of South Town, To better understand the role and significance of the Ming and Qing town laid a solid foundation. ③ the same period, Chen Zhongping Wang Jiafan ④ ⑤, ⑥ Fan Jinmin research and other scholars for quite compelling. Although the Fan Shu-Zhi declared: discussion any special article. It should be noted that the study of the history of the Ming and Qing Jiangnan Town a few we actually have not lost sight between towns and rural areas correlated. For example, Cliff Chan has emphasized that the radiation force on rural towns, that the development of the town gradually into rural urban relations, and promote the development of agricultural productivity and the evolution of the economic structure of agriculture, on this basis, the rural towns have a strong centripetal force is technology, culture, life, center, is the alleviation of rural surplus population of the ablation agent ⑦. Fan Shu-Zhi and Wang Jiafan not render the town over the all to find the four townships surrounding the town (or township feet) the relationship; the scope of the four townships in general shows a primary commercial center of town as an extension of surface, is an integral part of the town, the four townships industrial or agricultural exporting hand in the town where the first focus, and then the tooth row to the local markets and business casual. ⑧ latter pointed out that between the southern towns and rural areas, both on the way from the form, or spatial pattern on There are deep links; many towns of the South

<P Class=MsoNormal style=yes <Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica} fifty-eighth this third branch, Taipei: Academia Sinica Institute of History and Philology, 1987. 651 pages.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Fan Yijun: (town and geographical distribution of development since the mid-southern region one by one out of a bird's eye view.) <Continental magazine) 100 No. 4. 2001; Fan Yijun: (Towns since the Ming Dynasty and the expansion of the nature of the growth trends), history of language is blind {Bulletin of the Institute, Academia Sinica} 第七 thirteen. The third branch, Taipei; Institute of History and Philology, 2002; Fan Yijun: <Taihu Lake area east of the Ming Dynasty town development and regional development}. (Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica) in the first 75 volumes. Taipei: Academia Sinica Institute of History and Philology, 2004.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Fan Shu-Zhi: (Ming and Qing Dynasty Towns), Fudan University Press. 1990; Cliff Chan: 1989; Cliff Chan: <History of Ming and Qing Dynasties Hangjiahu town), the group made Press, 1993; Cliff Chan: <Ming and Qing dynasties Basin commodity and market networks), Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 2000 years.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Wangjia Fan: (Ming-Qing Jiangnan Town of structure and its historical value), (East China Normal University) in 1984 1. ⑤ <SPAN style=On Social Organization in South Town), (Nanjing Normal University) 19s8 No. 2
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Fan Jinmin: (characteristics of urban development of Suzhou during the Ming and Qing). (Nanjing University) (philosophy. Humanities. Social Sciences) 1990 4.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Cliff Chan: <History of Ming and Qing Dynasties Hangjiahu town). Of Languages Press, 1993, p. 36. South Korean scholars Wu Jincheng view, and Chen Xuewen similar: in the town of phenomena occurring in penetration into the countryside, to the rapid development of rural productivity. Then for agriculture and rural economic structure, change the way business has played a huge role in promoting; the town to give people more jobs and livelihood, the rural gentry and merchants, and differentiated from the rogue, etc. out of the surplus population Youshou Chung new town person, the southern town is in the process of absorption of rural labor force to develop. Participation Wu Jincheng: <Ming and Qing Jiangnan society one by one to the development of the city center), {China, South Korea South Social and Cultural Exchanges}, Hangzhou Press. 1997
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Fan Shu-Zhi: (Ming and Qing Dynasty Towns), Fudan University Press. 1990, p. 112.
<P Class=MsoNormal style=

<P Class=MsoNormal style=yes
<P Class=MsoNormal style= For example, Fan Yijun think. Towns should be between the Ming and Qing between urban and rural areas, since the settlement of a part of adult culture,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but because of the traditional level of economic development between urban and rural non-contingent two sub-types. Some of the largest town near the city. Many towns are not very different from general rural settlements, but only a few households in the village shop. Participation Fan Yijun: (History of the Ming and Qing Jiangnan Market Settlement Review and Prospect), (New History) three nine volumes, 1998.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Fan Shu-Zhi that, in a sense, the traditional agricultural society is the history of the process of urbanizing villages. Shu-Zhi Fan Participation: (town and rural urbanization),
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Oda: (southern towns of modern society in transition), China Commercial Press. 1997. Bao Weimin: <South Town and Its Modern Fate ,1840-1949), Knowledge Press, 1998. Fan Jinmin: <Ming and Qing Dynasties commercial development), Nanjing University Press, 1998. Wang Weiping: <Ming and Qing Jiangnan City History: Suzhou as the center), People's Publishing House. 1999. Shan Qiang: (Jiangnan region market research), People's Publishing House, 1999. The Charity: (History of Ancient Town), Anhui People's Publishing House. 2000. Wu Renan: (OF XUZHOU and socio-economic and cultural), Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2001. Haiying: (Ming-Qing Jiangnan and the market system of commodity circulation.) East China Normal University Press, 2002. Long climb: (Jiangnan market one by one eleven to nineteen century history of the changes), Tsinghua University Press, 2003.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Bao Weimin editor: (town and its modern fate of the South), Knowledge Press, 1998, page 5,6.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Oda: (southern towns of modern society in transition.) China Business Press. 1997.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Hong Huanchun, Luolun editor: (Yangtze River Delta Economic History Society), Nanjing University Press, 1989; Luolun editor of the Navigation of a Harvey: (Suzhou Social and Economic History (Volume Ming )), Nanjing University Press, 1993; section of the Luo, a single strong: (Modern Rural), Jiangsu People's Publishing House. 1994; Jiang Zhaocheng: (Ming Hangjiahu socio-economic research), Zhejiang University Press, 2002.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Wu Jianhua: (Ming and towns in Taihu Lake Basin rural population density and change). Set (City History) (No. n. 12 series), Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences Press, 1996.
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Wang Ruicheng: (in villages and cities: the human city of cultural history), Sichuan University Press. 2001.
<P Class=MsoNormal style=groups of urbanization). <Historical Science) 2002 No. 8
<P Class=MsoNormal style=
Since the late 1980s, many scholars interested in research on the management of municipal management with respect to the special nature of the village, ② but these results are mostly on the nature of communication, not the length of time the actual state of implementation of the municipal administration to specific town. Recently, Professor Zhao Shi and Sun Bing double Town Huzhou, for example, since the town back the self-evident combination of various powers and operational resources, and through the storm in the late Qing Dongyue, revealing the local clan, the gentry, civil ritual organization, the immigrant population and the rulers in the process of dealing with conflicts of different performance from the dual perspective of power and power relations Town diachronic changes, and the operation of municipal and rural differences in power.
1990, Professor Zhao Shi noticed relations of domination on the challenges of the city, showing the village life in the city, which will be placed on equal status of urban and rural, not over-emphasize the city's ③ Tao Wu Qing Suzhou recent Zhenmiao relationship with the village temple made of multi-level, through the town of Temple and the like. He believed that folk beliefs presented in the superior-subordinate relationship to a certain extent with the level of difference between urban and rural areas are consistent, but not to generalize, many in the market between large towns and even villages are sometimes also play an important role. ④ In recent years, some scholars also live in towns and rural areas in the different groups of people, especially the lives of gentry landowners had a strong interest in the actual state. Hong-Qing Pu a rice field in Japan, scholars, based on the landlord of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of South spatial extent of the daily activities of the follow-up studies were compared, a rural, town and city of residence landlords living in their daily lives vastly different circles and social interaction space activities, from the inductive landlord home from the Rural to the town and then to the city home of the ⑤ Tao Wu Qing Wu Jiang Zhenze two counties selected as a case study from the , change of residence by the gentry, the gentry and the service time in the farming career choice between Jia and the organizers of the identity of rural public service activities and other aspects of the discussion changes, revealing the Qing Jiangnan gentry living space and the impact on rural society ⑥

<P Class=MsoNormal style=yes
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Lin Shaoming: (Ming and Qing years the administration of Towns), Dynasty
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Professor Zhao Shi:
<P Class=MsoNormal style= Wu Tao:
<P Class=MsoNormal style= ESSAYS: Town home. Republic of China in South City home one by one landowner activities of daily changes in the social and spatial extent.
<P Class=MsoNormal style=font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA effect, 2003.

<P Class=MsoNormal style=;
⑦ early research on the Ming and Qing town, in addition to Tengjing Hong merchants in the activities discussed in the occasional outside topic touched Towns, ⑧ more attention to the north, Sichuan and other places on a regular basis City. ⑨ plus sixties and seventies of the 20th century, southern Japan, most of the relevant social and economic history research, by products. ⑩ At this stage, even as the southern area of specialized study of the history, but also focused on gentry landlords dominated sectors

<P Class=MsoNormal style=-spacerun: yes
<P Class=MsoNormal style=-spacerun: yes
<P Class=MsoNormal style=-spacerun: yes
<P Class=MsoNormal style=
<P Class=MsoNormal style=

1984.