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However Puma Clydes, Tokugawa didn’t close all doors against western influences. The Dutch were still allowed to trade with Japan through limited ports since the Dutch did not practice Catholicism.
Tokugawa government’s success particularly took off with the sakoku policy. In 1636, the third shogun, Iemitsu, completed sakoku with a warrant to ban Spain from entering Japan at the outbreak of the Shimabara rebellion against the government’s Christian oppressions. This rebellion was the largest in the history of Japan; it began ten years after the Spanish entrance in 1624.
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The Tokugawa reign was valued as the period of “Tenka Taihei”, peace reigns in the land. Simultaneously, sakoku brought upon loads of new insights and changes in the society and enriched Japanese socio-cultural life.
Prior to the completion of the sakoku policy, Japan was in the Warring States period (coexistence between chaotic fragmented powers). In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu, after winning the Sakigahara Rebellion, succeeded in establishing a centralized military government.
Trade Monopoly
Japan entered a period of seclusion from most foreign influences in 17th Century. The period is called “sakoku” in Japanese. Sakoku was laid out by the Tokugawa government to protect Japan from unnecessary foreign influences. It was not a total refusal against foreign influences, rather a way to “open” the country by selective means.
Keeping Christians Away
Limiting foreign trade partners and ports satisfied another intention of Tokugawa government puma espera,: to enhance Tokugawa’s economic stability through its trade monopoly. Ports were placed under close surveillance by Tokugawa officials. Tokugawa was able to contr
Sakoku placed an expulsion policy on children who were mixed with Portuguese, and three years later, it applied to the children by Dutch and British, and their mothers as well. Tokugawa intended not only to eradicate ideological threats, but also to honor ethnocentrism and racial consciousness.
Tokugawa’s superior administration and unification skills carried on, lasting for more than two centuries, and for the most part, the government effectively maintained the strict centralized feudal system under the new military government in Edo. It also refined a bureaucratic administration, and contributed to the central and regional economic growth.
The Portuguese entrance to Japan was banned all together. In order to further strengthen the Tokugawa rule internally and externally, sakoku became an inevitable measure to remove all threats to the Tokugawa regime.
During the sakoku period, Japan maintained a keen attentiveness to maritime trade relations, and recognized the advantages and disadvantages for the country’s stability.
Barring the Portuguese was the direct result from the long history of challenges to eradicate Christianity, in particular Catholicism. Their religious enthusiasms were supported by a territorial political agenda and were viewed as a definite threat to the Tokugawa legitimacy.
The German doctor, Engelbert Kaempfer, who served a Dutch trading station in Nagasaki during those times, described Japan’s seclusion policy as a model example of national protection from foreign infringements, and how its rich soil surrounded by oceans made Japan ideally situated to be self-reliant. He viewed that the Japanese possessed strength in health Puma First Round, will, skills, customs, and morality, and Japan was a rare nation with such an extensive capacity of transportation, agrarian wealth, and materialistic assets.
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